In a mechanical system, impact is a high force applied in a short period of time when two or more bodies collide. Impact tests are performed to determine the toughness of the material. The toughness of a material refers to its ability to absorb energy during deformation.
The brittle materials have low toughness due to the small deformation they can withstand. The impact value of materials can vary with temperature. Usually at low temperatures the impact energy of a material decreases.
Materials used in industrial applications are damaged over time depending on the type of load applied and the ambient temperature. For this reason, when choosing the material, the behavior of the material is important such as at which temperatures the material will be broken, in which way it will be broken, ductile or brittle, how much energy will be absorbed when breaking and what amount of energy will be broken.
Impact resistance is one of the most important features that material engineers and designers should consider. One of the most commonly used tests to determine the physical properties of materials is the notched isod impact test specified by the ASTM D 256 standard test method, and the other is the impact strength method described by the ISO 180 standard.
In impact resistance tests, it is aimed to determine the behavior of the material under dynamic load. When the specimen is forced as a result of impacts, a tension perpendicular to the notch base results in fracture. If the sample is broken without plastic deformation, this is called brittle fracture. In most cases, the sample undergoes plastic deformation without breaking.
In general, impact tests are performed in two ways: charpy impact test and isod impact test.
The following are a few standards based on impact resistance tests performed by the competent authorities:
TS EN ISO 148-1 Metallic materials - Charpy tapping test - Part 1: Test method
TS EN ISO 148-2 ... Section 2: Verification of the test machine (pendulum swing)
TS EN ISO 148-3 ... Chapter 3: Preparation and characterization of V-notch test pieces for indirect assessment of impact
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